Mariotti S P, Pascolini D, Rose-Nussbaumer J
Chronic Disease and Health Promotion Department, Prevention of Blindness and Deafness, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2009 May;93(5):563-8. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2008.148494. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. It is known to be highly correlated with poverty, limited access to healthcare services and water. In 2003, the WHO estimated that 84 million people were suffering from active trachoma, and 7.6 million were severely visually impaired or blind as a result of trachoma: this study provides an updated estimate of the global prevalence of trachoma based on the most recent information available.
A literature search of recent published and unpublished surveys in the 57 endemic countries was carried out: the result of surveys that used the WHO trachoma grading system and additional information from regional and country experts served as a basis to determine the prevalence of trachoma in each country.
Population-based surveys provided recent information for 42 out of 57 endemic countries. 40.6 million people are estimated to be suffering from active trachoma, and 8.2 million are estimated to have trichiasis.
The current estimate of prevalence of trachoma is lower than the previous WHO estimates: this can be explained by the success in implementing control strategy, by more accurate data, as well as by socio-economic development in endemic countries.
沙眼是全球传染性失明的主要原因。已知它与贫困、获得医疗服务和水的机会有限高度相关。2003年，世界卫生组织估计有8400万人患有活动性沙眼，760万人因沙眼而严重视力受损或失明：本研究根据现有最新信息对全球沙眼患病率进行了更新估计。
对57个流行国家最近发表和未发表的调查进行文献检索：使用世界卫生组织沙眼分级系统的调查结果以及区域和国家专家提供的其他信息作为确定每个国家沙眼患病率的依据。
基于人群的调查为57个流行国家中的42个提供了最新信息。估计有4060万人患有活动性沙眼，估计有820万人患有倒睫。
目前对沙眼患病率的估计低于世界卫生组织先前的估计：这可以通过控制策略的成功实施、更准确的数据以及流行国家的社会经济发展来解释。
