Moraga Fernando A, Pedreros Constanza P, Rodríguez Cristián E
Laboratorio de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Sede Coquimbo, Chile.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2008 Winter;19(4):287-92. doi: 10.1580/06-WEME-BR-084.1.
Our objective was to determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and the cardiorespiratory responses, in children and their parents, after rapid ascent to 3500 m. The sample population was composed of children and their parents who ascended within 24 hours from Arica (sea level) to Putre (3500 m) in Chile.
Acute mountain sickness symptoms were evaluated using the Children's Lake Louise Score (CLLS) in children and the Lake Louise Scoring System in their parents. Heart rate, pulse oximetry, and AMS symptoms were evaluated in Arica before ascent, in Putre, and on return to Arica.
The mean CLLS was 10.8 +/- 3 at Putre, with 92% of children developing AMS. Low oxygen saturation (80% +/- 2%) and tachycardia (129 +/- 9 beats/min) were observed in children with higher AMS scores. In contrast, parents had higher oxygen saturation (89% +/- 3%), less tachycardia (87 +/- 13 beats/min), and a 25% incidence of AMS.
Our results indicate that children exposed acutely to high altitude are more sensitive to hypobaric hypoxia than are their parents, as manifested by symptoms of AMS, significant oxyhemoglobin desaturation, and tachycardia. Young children may experience an exaggerated hypoxemic response to high altitude exposure, and young age may be an additional risk factor for the development of AMS.
我们的目的是确定儿童及其父母在快速上升至3500米后急性高原病（AMS）的发病率以及心肺反应。样本人群由在24小时内从智利阿里卡（海平面）上升至普特雷（3500米）的儿童及其父母组成。
使用儿童版路易斯湖评分（CLLS）评估儿童的急性高原病症状，使用路易斯湖评分系统评估其父母的症状。在上升前于阿里卡、到达普特雷时以及返回阿里卡时评估心率、脉搏血氧饱和度和AMS症状。
在普特雷，儿童版路易斯湖评分的平均值为10.8±3，92%的儿童发生了AMS。AMS评分较高的儿童出现低氧饱和度（80%±2%）和心动过速（129±9次/分钟）。相比之下，父母的氧饱和度较高（89%±3%），心动过速较少（87±13次/分钟），AMS发病率为25%。
我们的结果表明，急性暴露于高海拔环境的儿童比其父母对低压缺氧更敏感，表现为AMS症状、明显的氧合血红蛋白饱和度降低和心动过速。幼儿可能对高海拔暴露有过度的低氧反应，且年幼可能是发生AMS的一个额外风险因素。
