Ca(2+)-independent, Ca(2+)-dependent, and carbachol-mediated arachidonic acid release from rat brain cortex membrane.

Synaptoneurosomes obtained from the cortex of rat brain prelabeled with [14C]arachidonic acid [( 14C]AA) were used as a source of substrate and enzyme in studies on the regulation of AA release. A significant amount of AA is liberated in the presence of 2 mM EGTA, independently of Ca2+, primarily from phosphatidic acid and polyphosphoinositides (poly-PI). Quinacrine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), suppressed AA release by about 60% and neomycin, a putative inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), reduced AA release by about 30%. An additive effect was exhibited when both inhibitors were given together. Ca2+ activated AA release. The level of Ca2+ present in the synaptoneurosomal preparation (endogenous level) and 5 microM CaCl2 enhance AA liberation by approximately 25%, whereas 2 mM CaCl2 resulted in a 50% increase in AA release relative to EGTA. The source for Ca(2+)-dependent AA release is predominantly phosphatidylinositol (PI); however, a small pool may also be liberated from neutral lipids. Carbachol, an agonist of the cholinergic receptor, stimulated Ca(2+)-dependent AA release by about 17%. Bradykinin enhanced the effect of carbachol by about 10-15%. This agonist-mediated AA release occurs specifically from phosphoinositides (PI + poly-PI). Quinacrine almost completely suppresses calcium-and carbachol-mediated AA release. Neomycin inhibits this process by about 30% and totally suppresses the effect of bradykinin. Our results indicate that both phospholipases PLA2 and PLC with subsequent action of DAG lipase are responsible for Ca(2+)-independent AA release. Ca(2+)-dependent and carbachol-mediated AA liberation occurs mainly as the result of PLA2 action. A small pool of AA is probably also released by PLC, which seems to be exclusively responsible for the effect of bradykinin.