Wilschut Jan
Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Immunol Lett. 2009 Feb 21;122(2):118-21. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.11.006. Epub 2008 Dec 25.
Influenza virosomes are virus-like particles, which retain the cell binding and membrane fusion properties of the native virus, but lack the viral genetic material. These functional characteristics of influenza virosomes form the basis for their immunogenicity. First, the repetitive arrangement of the major viral envelope glycoprotein, haemagglutinin, on the virosomal surface mediates a co-operative interaction with Ig receptors on B lymphocytes, stimulating strong antibody responses. In addition, virosomes interact efficiently with antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, resulting in activation of T lymphocytes and induction of a balanced Th1/Th2 response. Also, as a result of fusion of the virosomes with the endosomal membrane, virosome-encapsulated antigens gain access to the MHC class I presentation pathway, thus priming cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Finally, virosomes represent an excellent platform for inclusion of lipophilic adjuvants for further improvement of the quality and quantity of virosome-induced immune responses.
流感病毒体是病毒样颗粒，保留了天然病毒的细胞结合和膜融合特性，但缺乏病毒遗传物质。流感病毒体的这些功能特性构成了其免疫原性的基础。首先，主要病毒包膜糖蛋白血凝素在病毒体表面的重复排列介导了与B淋巴细胞上Ig受体的协同相互作用，刺激强烈的抗体反应。此外，病毒体与抗原呈递细胞（如树突状细胞）有效相互作用，导致T淋巴细胞活化并诱导平衡的Th1/Th2反应。而且，由于病毒体与内体膜融合，病毒体包裹的抗原得以进入MHC I类呈递途径，从而启动细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）活性。最后，病毒体是包含亲脂性佐剂的极佳平台，可进一步提高病毒体诱导的免疫反应的质量和数量。
