Nagano Yasuharu, Ida Hirofumi, Akai Masami, Fukubayashi Toru
Waseda University Graduate School of Sports Sciences, Saitama, Japan.
Knee. 2009 Mar;16(2):153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2008.10.012. Epub 2008 Dec 25.
This study was designed to compare biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint for several athletic tasks to elucidate their effects and to examine what tasks pose a risk for ACL injury. Three athletic tasks were performed by 24 female athletes: single-limb landing, plant and cutting, and both-limb jump landing. Angular displacements of flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal tibial rotation were calculated. Angular excursion and the rate of excursion of abduction and internal tibial rotation were also calculated. During plant and cutting, from foot contact, subjects rotated the tibia more rapidly and to a greater degree toward internal tibial rotation. Moreover, excursion of knee abduction is greater than that during single-limb landing. During both-limb jump landing, the knee flexion at foot contact was greater than for either single-limb landing or plant and cutting; peak knee abduction was greater than for either single-limb landing or plant and cutting. In plant and cutting, the risk of ACL injury is increased by greater excursion and more rapid knee abduction than that which occurs in single-limb landing, in addition to greater internal tibial rotation. Although single-limb tasks apparently pose a greater risk for ACL injury than bilateral landings, both-limb landing with greater knee abduction might also risk ACL injury.
本研究旨在比较几种运动任务中膝关节的生物力学特征，以阐明其影响，并探究哪些任务会对前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤构成风险。24名女性运动员进行了三项运动任务：单腿落地、急停变向和双腿跳落地。计算了屈伸、外展/内收以及胫骨内外旋转的角位移。还计算了外展和胫骨内旋的角偏移和偏移速率。在急停变向过程中，从脚接触地面开始，受试者胫骨向内旋转的速度更快，程度更大。此外，膝关节外展的偏移大于单腿落地时。在双腿跳落地过程中，脚接触地面时的膝关节屈曲大于单腿落地或急停变向时；膝关节外展峰值大于单腿落地或急停变向时。在急停变向过程中，除了更大的胫骨内旋外，与单腿落地相比，更大的偏移和更快的膝关节外展增加了ACL损伤的风险。虽然单腿任务显然比双侧落地对ACL损伤构成的风险更大，但膝关节外展较大的双腿落地也可能有ACL损伤的风险。
