Messner R P
University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1991 Aug;3(4):617-20. doi: 10.1097/00002281-199108000-00011.
Tuberculous, fungal, and parasitic infections infect millions of people throughout the world. While other problems usually overshadow their rheumatologic manifestations, nearly all these infections can involve bone or joints and may on occasion present with rheumatologic symptoms. The classic model of these diseases presenting as chronic monoarticular arthritis is still generally valid but other presentations, such as tenosynovitis with atypical mycobacterial infections, erythema nodosum with leprosy, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, and reactive arthritis with schistosomiasis and helminthic infections, are now well established. The most dramatic change in the epidemiology of tuberculous infections in recent years is the increasing incidence in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Mycobacterium avium complex infections in particular have increased dramatically and are a major problem in the later stages of AIDS. Reports of septic arthritis and tenosynovitis due to M. avium are likely to increase over the next few years.
结核、真菌和寄生虫感染在全球感染了数百万人。虽然其他问题通常会掩盖其风湿性表现，但几乎所有这些感染都可能累及骨骼或关节，有时可能会出现风湿性症状。这些疾病表现为慢性单关节炎的经典模式仍然普遍适用，但其他表现，如非典型分枝杆菌感染引起的腱鞘炎、麻风病引起的结节性红斑、球孢子菌病和组织胞浆菌病，以及血吸虫病和蠕虫感染引起的反应性关节炎，现在也已得到充分证实。近年来，结核感染流行病学中最显著的变化是获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）患者的发病率不断上升。鸟分枝杆菌复合群感染尤其显著增加，是艾滋病后期的一个主要问题。未来几年，由鸟分枝杆菌引起的化脓性关节炎和腱鞘炎的报告可能会增加。
