Wun Isaac C, Dittman Ralph E
Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Chin J Physiol. 2008 Aug 31;51(4):208-13.
Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (hSCNT) is a required procedure before derivation of autologous embryonic stem cells (ESC) for clinical treatment. The debate between ethical concerns and the potential for clinical application is still ongoing. Currently, the milestone of deriving hSCNT blastocysts has been achieved. The developmental mechanism for SCNT is similar to the developmental mechanism for fertilized embryos without sperm fertilization. The hSCNT procedure consists of enucleating an oocyte and replacing with a donor somatic cell nucleus; this procedure is more difficult than a parthenogenetic procedure. The difficulties of SCNT involve the cell cycle synchronization between the donor nucleus and arrested ooplasm, suboptimal activation of reconstructed "zygotes", suboptimal culture condition, and incomplete genetic remodeling/epigenetic modification. There are protocols intended to overcome the difficulties, but no center has derived hSCNT ESC yet.
人类体细胞核移植（hSCNT）是获取用于临床治疗的自体胚胎干细胞（ESC）之前所必需的程序。伦理问题与临床应用潜力之间的争论仍在继续。目前，已经实现了获得hSCNT囊胚这一里程碑。体细胞核移植的发育机制与未经过精子受精的受精卵的发育机制相似。hSCNT程序包括去除卵母细胞的细胞核并用供体体细胞核进行替换；该程序比孤雌生殖程序更困难。体细胞核移植的困难包括供体细胞核与停滞的卵细胞质之间的细胞周期同步、重构“合子”的激活不理想、培养条件欠佳以及不完全的基因重塑/表观遗传修饰。有旨在克服这些困难的方案，但尚无中心成功获得hSCNT ESC。
