Park Crystal L, Aldwin Carolyn M, Fenster Juliane R, Snyder Leslie B
Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2008 Jul;78(3):300-12. doi: 10.1037/a0014054.
Exposure to trauma can lead to both posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress, but little is known about the commonalities and differences in the pathways through which they occur. The authors examined coping and emotional reactions as mediators of the effect of television exposure on both posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress in a nationally representative sample of 1,004 U.S. adults approximately 6 weeks after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Although posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress symptoms were moderately positively related, the pathways from coping and emotions to the outcomes differed: Positive coping and anger were more strongly related to posttraumatic growth than to posttraumatic stress, and pathways of negative coping and feeling depressed regarding the attacks were more strongly related to stress than to growth. Comparison of models suggested that emotions are both outcomes of and motivators for coping and that patterns of coping and emotions relate differentially to posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth.
接触创伤事件既可能导致创伤后成长，也可能引发创伤后应激障碍，但对于它们产生的共同途径和差异却知之甚少。作者以2001年9月11日恐怖袭击事件发生约6周后的1004名美国成年人作为具有全国代表性的样本，研究了应对方式和情绪反应作为电视曝光对创伤后成长和创伤后应激障碍影响的中介因素。尽管创伤后成长和创伤后应激障碍症状呈中度正相关，但从应对方式和情绪到结果的途径却有所不同：积极应对和愤怒与创伤后成长的关联比与创伤后应激障碍的关联更强，而消极应对以及对袭击事件感到沮丧的途径与应激障碍的关联比与成长的关联更强。模型比较表明，情绪既是应对方式的结果，也是应对方式的动机，而且应对方式和情绪模式与创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的关联各不相同。
