The role of religious activity and spirituality in the health and well-being of older adults.

Older adults completed questionnaires of religiosity, spirituality and health, as well as of the potential mediators of healthy behaviors and social support. Church membership related to potential mediators and positive health; given membership, frequency of attendance contributed less to health. Existential well-being was strongly related to all outcome health measures. Regression analyses indicated that spiritual wellbeing and prayer contributed to the prediction of psychological wellbeing, subjective well-being, physical symptoms and depression, even when the contributions of age, gender, healthy behaviors and social support were included. Healthy behaviors and social support operated only as partial mediators of the existential-health effects.