Hypoallergenic and non-toxic emollient therapies for children.

There are many anatomical and functional differences between the skin of young children and adult skin. As a consequence, the skin is more easily irritated by topical agents. There is also increased transcutaneous absorption; the latter effect is amplified by underlying conditions such as ichthyoses and atopic dermatitis with defects of the epidermal barrier. Common topical agents such as salicylic acid and lactic acid can cause life-threatening intoxications. The relevance of transcutaneous absorption of "hidden" ingredients such as polyethylene glycol and preservatives is unknown at present. By emulsifying endogenous barrier lipids, emulsifiers can promote skin dryness. We review the effects of common emollients and their suitability for skin care in children, particularly with the aim to reduce exposure to potential contact allergens and inadvertent emollient activity.