Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
Am J Ther. 2009 Jan-Feb;16(1):74-85. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e31818d3f67.
Diuretics are among the most commonly used drugs. They increase the rate of urine flow and sodium excretion and are used to induce negative fluid and sodium balance in a variety of clinical situations, including hypertension, heart failure, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis. It is essential for clinicians to understand the mechanism of action of various diuretics to be able to maximize the efficacy of these agents when used as monotherapy and in combination with agents that have different targets of action in the kidney. The pharmacology of commonly used diuretics and the renal anatomy and physiology relevant to diuretic effects are reviewed.
利尿剂是最常用的药物之一。它们增加尿流量和钠排泄，并用于在各种临床情况下诱导负液和钠平衡，包括高血压、心力衰竭、肾衰竭、肾病综合征和肝硬化。临床医生必须了解各种利尿剂的作用机制，以便在作为单一疗法使用以及与在肾脏中具有不同作用靶点的药物联合使用时最大限度地发挥这些药物的疗效。本文回顾了常用利尿剂的药理学以及与利尿剂作用相关的肾脏解剖和生理学。
