Star Jon R, Rittle-Johnson Bethany
Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2009 Apr;102(4):408-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2008.11.004. Epub 2009 Jan 14.
Comparing and contrasting examples is a core cognitive process that supports learning in children and adults across a variety of topics. In this experimental study, we evaluated the benefits of supporting comparison in a classroom context for children learning about computational estimation. Fifth- and sixth-grade students (N=157) learned about estimation either by comparing alternative solution strategies or by reflecting on the strategies one at a time. At posttest and retention test, students who compared were more flexible problem solvers on a variety of measures. Comparison also supported greater conceptual knowledge, but only for students who already knew some estimation strategies. These findings indicate that comparison is an effective learning and instructional practice in a domain with multiple acceptable answers.
比较和对比示例是一种核心认知过程，它支持儿童和成人在各种主题上的学习。在这项实验研究中，我们评估了在课堂环境中支持比较对于学习计算估算的儿童的益处。五、六年级学生（N = 157）通过比较替代解决方案策略或一次思考一种策略来学习估算。在测试后和保留测试中，进行比较的学生在各种测量中是更灵活的问题解决者。比较还支持了更多的概念性知识，但仅适用于已经知道一些估算策略的学生。这些发现表明，在有多个可接受答案的领域中，比较是一种有效的学习和教学实践。
