Lozica Ivan
Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research, Zagreb, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2008 Dec;32(4):1023-33.
"It all started with the doubt (perhaps exaggerated) that the Gods do not know how to talk". The author presents the situation and tendencies in contemporary mythological research. The article starts out from the mythos-logos antithesis and from the twofold conception of the myth as both a fabricated and a sacred story. The allopersonages as characters of different names, who function as markers for the identical element in the structure, are contrasted by the author with the isopersonages bearing names of the same characters, who simultaneously function as markers for diverse elements or semantic strata in the structure. The term sociogony is introduced in analogy to the terms theogony and cosmogony. On the basis of a review of Croatian and mainstream mythological trends, the author perceives two main orientations in mythological research: the historical reconstruction of the Proto-Slavic myth, and research into the myth, mythic consciousness and mythic language in contemporary everyday life. The author supports the idea of differentiating mythology and religion and analyses the role of the myth, and scholarship on the myth, in forming national and cultural identity. From that aspect, we can also identify the contemporary transitional scholarly myth in today's reconstructions of the unifed Proto-Slavic myth. Remythologisation is part of retraditionalisation: Proto-Slavic fellowship is the spiritual solace by which the East responds to the tearing down of the Berlin Wall.
“这一切都始于一种怀疑（或许有些夸张），即诸神不知如何言说”。作者介绍了当代神话学研究的状况和趋势。本文开篇从神话与逻各斯的对立以及神话作为虚构故事和神圣故事的双重概念入手。作者将具有不同名字的异名人物作为结构中同一元素的标记，与具有相同角色名字的同名人物进行对比，后者同时作为结构中不同元素或语义层次的标记。“社会起源论”这一术语是类比“神谱”和“宇宙起源论”而引入的。基于对克罗地亚和主流神话学趋势的回顾，作者察觉到神话学研究的两个主要方向：原始斯拉夫神话的历史重构，以及对当代日常生活中的神话、神话意识和神话语言的研究。作者支持区分神话与宗教的观点，并分析了神话以及关于神话的学术研究在形成民族和文化认同中的作用。从这方面来看，我们也能在当今统一的原始斯拉夫神话的重构中识别出当代过渡性学术神话。神话复兴是传统复兴的一部分：原始斯拉夫的情谊是东方对柏林墙倒塌的回应所带来的精神慰藉。
