Mycielska Maria E, Patel Ameet, Rizaner Nahit, Mazurek Maciej P, Keun Hector, Patel Anup, Ganapathy Vadivel, Djamgoz Mustafa B A
Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Bioessays. 2009 Jan;31(1):10-20. doi: 10.1002/bies.080137.
Citrate, an organic trivalent anion, is a major substrate for generation of energy in most cells. It is produced in mitochondria and used either in the Krebs' cycle or released into cytoplasm through a specific mitochondrial carriers. Citrate can also be taken up from blood through different plasma membrane transporters. In the cytoplasm, citrate can be used ultimately for fatty acid synthesis, which is increased in cancer cells. Here, we review the ways in which citrate can be transported and discuss the changes in transport and metabolism that occur in cancer cells. The primary focus is on the prostate gland, which is known to produce and release large amounts of citrate during its normal secretory function. The significant changes that occur in citrate-related metabolism and transport in prostate cancer are the second focus. This review strives to relate these mechanisms to molecular biology on the one hand and to clinical applications on the other.
柠檬酸是一种有机三价阴离子，是大多数细胞中能量产生的主要底物。它在线粒体中产生，要么用于三羧酸循环，要么通过特定的线粒体载体释放到细胞质中。柠檬酸也可以通过不同的质膜转运蛋白从血液中摄取。在细胞质中，柠檬酸最终可用于脂肪酸合成，而这在癌细胞中会增加。在此，我们综述柠檬酸的运输方式，并讨论癌细胞中发生的运输和代谢变化。主要关注点是前列腺，已知其在正常分泌功能期间会产生和释放大量柠檬酸。前列腺癌中与柠檬酸相关的代谢和运输发生的显著变化是第二个关注点。本综述一方面努力将这些机制与分子生物学联系起来，另一方面与临床应用联系起来。
