Georgieva Svetlana, Peeters Ronald, Kolster Hauke, Todd James T, Orban Guy A
Laboratorium voor Neurofysiologie en Psychofysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Faculteit Geneeskunde, Leuven, Belgium.
J Neurosci. 2009 Jan 21;29(3):727-42. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4753-08.2009.
Three-dimensional (3D) shape is important for the visual control of grasping and manipulation and for object recognition. Although there has been some progress in our understanding of how 3D shape is extracted from motion and other monocular cues, little is known of how the human brain extracts 3D shape from disparity, commonly regarded as the strongest depth cue. Previous fMRI studies in the awake monkey have established that the interaction between stereo (present or absent) and the order of disparity (zero or second order) constitutes the MR signature of regions housing second-order disparity-selective neurons (Janssen et al., 2000; Srivastava et al., 2006; Durand et al., 2007; Joly et al., 2007). Testing the interaction between stereo and order of disparity in a large cohort of human subjects, revealed the involvement of five IPS regions (VIPS/V7*, POIPS, DIPSM, DIPSA, and phAIP), as well as V3 and the V3A complex in occipital cortex, the posterior inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and ventral premotor cortex (vPrCS) in the extraction and processing of 3D shape from stereo. Control experiments ruled out attention and convergence eye movements as confounding factors. Many of these regions, DIPSM, DIPSA, phAIP, and probably posterior ITG and ventral premotor cortex, correspond to monkey regions with similar functionality, whereas the evolutionarily new or modified regions are located in occipital (the V3A complex) and occipitoparietal cortex (VIPS/V7* and POIPS). Interestingly, activity in these occipital regions correlates with the depth amplitude perceived by the subjects in the 3D surfaces used as stimuli in these fMRI experiments.
三维（3D）形状对于抓握和操作的视觉控制以及物体识别都很重要。尽管我们在理解如何从运动和其他单眼线索中提取3D形状方面已经取得了一些进展，但对于人类大脑如何从视差中提取3D形状却知之甚少，而视差通常被认为是最强的深度线索。先前对清醒猴子进行的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究已经确定，立体视觉（存在或不存在）与视差顺序（零阶或二阶）之间的相互作用构成了容纳二阶视差选择性神经元区域的磁共振特征（扬森等人，2000年；斯里瓦斯塔瓦等人，2006年；杜兰德等人，2007年；若利等人，2007年）。在一大群人类受试者中测试立体视觉和视差顺序之间的相互作用，发现五个顶内沟区域（VIPS/V7*、POIPS、DIPSM、DIPSA和phAIP）以及枕叶皮质中的V3和V3A复合体、颞下回后部（ITG）和腹侧运动前皮质（vPrCS）参与了从立体视觉中提取和处理3D形状的过程。对照实验排除了注意力和集合眼动作为混杂因素。这些区域中的许多区域，如DIPSM、DIPSA、phAIP，可能还有颞下回后部和腹侧运动前皮质，与具有相似功能的猴子区域相对应，而进化上新出现或经过修改的区域则位于枕叶（V3A复合体）和枕顶叶皮质（VIPS/V7*和POIPS）。有趣的是，这些枕叶区域的活动与这些fMRI实验中用作刺激的3D表面中受试者感知到的深度幅度相关。
