He Lei, Vasiliou Konstandinos, Nebert Daniel W
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Hum Genomics. 2009 Jan;3(2):195-206. doi: 10.1186/1479-7364-3-2-195.
The solute-carrier gene (SLC) superfamily encodes membrane-bound transporters. The SLC superfamily comprises 55 gene families having at least 362 putatively functional protein-coding genes. The gene products include passive transporters, symporters and antiporters, located in all cellular and organelle membranes, except, perhaps, the nuclear membrane. Transport substrates include amino acids and oligopeptides, glucose and other sugars, inorganic cations and anions (H(+), HCO(3)(-), Cl(-), Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), PO(4)(3-), HPO(4)(2-), H(2)PO(4)(-), SO(4)(2-), C(2)O(4)(2-), OH(-), CO(3)(2-)), bile salts, carboxylate and other organic anions, acetyl coenzyme A, essential metals, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, vitamins, fatty acids and lipids, nucleosides, ammonium, choline, thyroid hormone and urea. Contrary to gene nomenclature commonly assigned on the basis of evolutionary divergence (http://www.genenames.org/), the SLC gene superfamily has been named based largely on transporter function by proteins having multiple transmembrane domains. Whereas all the transporters exist for endogenous substrates, it is likely that drugs, non-essential metals and many other environmental toxicants are able to 'hitch-hike' on one or another of these transporters, thereby enabling these moieties to enter (or leave) the cell. Understanding and characterising the functions of these transporters is relevant to medicine, genetics, developmental biology, pharmacology and cancer chemotherapy.
溶质载体基因(SLC)超家族编码膜结合转运蛋白。SLC超家族由55个基因家族组成,拥有至少362个可能具有功能的蛋白质编码基因。基因产物包括被动转运蛋白、同向转运蛋白和反向转运蛋白,位于除核膜(可能除外)外的所有细胞膜和细胞器膜中。转运底物包括氨基酸和寡肽、葡萄糖及其他糖类、无机阳离子和阴离子(H⁺、HCO₃⁻、Cl⁻、Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、PO₄³⁻、HPO₄²⁻、H₂PO₄⁻、SO₄²⁻、C₂O₄²⁻、OH⁻、CO₃²⁻)、胆汁盐、羧酸盐及其他有机阴离子、乙酰辅酶A、必需金属、生物胺、神经递质、维生素、脂肪酸和脂质、核苷、铵、胆碱、甲状腺激素和尿素。与通常基于进化分歧指定的基因命名法(http://www.genenames.org/)不同,SLC基因超家族主要是根据具有多个跨膜结构域的蛋白质的转运功能来命名的。虽然所有这些转运蛋白都是为内源性底物而存在,但药物、非必需金属和许多其他环境毒物很可能能够 “搭便车” 搭乘其中一种或另一种转运蛋白,从而使这些物质能够进入(或离开)细胞。了解和表征这些转运蛋白的功能与医学、遗传学、发育生物学、药理学和癌症化疗相关。