Bateman H G, Hill T M, Aldrich J M, Schlotterbeck R L
Akey, Nutrition and Research Center, Lewisburg, OH 45338, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2009 Feb;92(2):782-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1242.
In a series of 5 trials, Holstein calves from zero to 12 wk old were housed in pens bedded with straw and fed diets to evaluate physical form of starters containing different processed corn on calf performance. Starters were formulated to have similar ingredient and nutrient compositions. Calves, initially less than 1 wk old, were housed in individual pens through 8 wk and weaned at 6 wk in trial 1 and at 4 wk in trials 2 and 3. In trials 4 and 5, calves initially 8 wk old were housed in group pens (6 calves/pen) from 8 to 12 wk. Trial 1 compared feeding calves a pelleted versus textured starter. Trial 2 compared feeding calves a textured starter versus feeding half meal starter with half textured starter. Trial 3 compared feeding calves textured starters containing whole, steam-flaked, or dry rolled corn. Trial 4 compared feeding calves textured starters containing steam-flaked versus dry rolled corn. Trial 5 compared feeding calves textured starters containing whole or dry rolled corn. Measurements included average daily gain (ADG), starter intake, feed efficiency, hip width change, body condition score change, fecal scores, and medical treatments. Physical form of starter feed did not affect any measurements in trials 1, 3, 4, and 5. In trial 2, calves fed starters manufactured with large amounts of fines had 11% less feed intake and 6% slower ADG than calves fed a textured starter. When starters contained similar ingredient and nutrient contents, manufacturing processes did not affect calf performance unless the diet contained a significant amount of fines, which reduced intake and ADG.
在一系列5项试验中，将0至12周龄的荷斯坦犊牛饲养在铺有稻草的围栏中，并饲喂不同加工玉米的开食料，以评估其对犊牛生长性能的影响。开食料的配方使其具有相似的成分和营养组成。犊牛最初小于1周龄，在试验1中，8周龄前单独饲养在个体围栏中，并在6周龄断奶；在试验2和3中，4周龄断奶。在试验4和5中，最初8周龄的犊牛在8至12周龄时饲养在群养围栏中（每围栏6头犊牛）。试验1比较了给犊牛饲喂颗粒状开食料与破碎状开食料的效果。试验2比较了给犊牛饲喂破碎状开食料与一半粉料一半破碎料开食料的效果。试验3比较了给犊牛饲喂含整粒、蒸汽压片或干碾压玉米的破碎状开食料的效果。试验4比较了给犊牛饲喂含蒸汽压片玉米与干碾压玉米的破碎状开食料的效果。试验5比较了给犊牛饲喂含整粒或干碾压玉米的破碎状开食料的效果。测量指标包括平均日增重（ADG）、开食料采食量、饲料效率、髋部宽度变化、体况评分变化、粪便评分和医疗处理情况。在试验1、3、4和5中，开食料的物理形态对任何测量指标均无影响。在试验2中，饲喂含有大量细粉的开食料的犊牛，其采食量比饲喂破碎状开食料的犊牛少11%，平均日增重慢6%。当开食料含有相似的成分和营养含量时，除非日粮中含有大量细粉，否则加工工艺不会影响犊牛的生长性能，而细粉会降低采食量和平均日增重。
