Motta Chiara Maria, Avallone Bice, Balassone Giuseppina, Balsamo Giuseppe, Fascio Umberto, Simoniello Palma, Tammaro Stefania, Marmo Francesco
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
J Anat. 2009 Jan;214(1):153-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01003.x.
The morphology and composition of the three otoliths of the Antarctic ice-fish Chionodraco hamatus were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The composition of the sagitta, lapillus and asteriscus protein matrices was also analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blots and confocal laser scanning microscopy to reveal the presence of and to localize the calcium-binding proteins calmodulin, calbindin and S-100. Morphological results indicated that the otoliths in this ice-fish were similar to those of Trematomus bernacchii, a red-blooded Antarctic species [B. Avallone et al. (2003) J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol. 35, 69-76], but rather different from those of other teleosts. These two Antarctic species possessed a completely vateritic asteriscus, whereas their sagitta and lapillus were made mostly of aragonite. Parallel analysis of protein patterns in C. hamatus and T. bernacchii revealed that the sagitta significantly differed from the lapillus and asteriscus in both species. The sagitta did not contain the S-100 protein and showed calmodulin and calbindin located in discontinuous or incremental zones, respectively. These results demonstrate that the otoliths of C. hamatus and T. bernacchii share more resemblances than differences and support the idea of a common origin of these species.
利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术研究了南极冰鱼（Chionodraco hamatus）三块耳石的形态和组成。还通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、蛋白质免疫印迹和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜分析了矢耳石、微耳石和星耳石蛋白质基质的组成，以揭示钙结合蛋白钙调蛋白、钙结合蛋白和S-100的存在并对其进行定位。形态学结果表明，这种冰鱼的耳石与南极红血种伯氏南极鱼（Trematomus bernacchii）的耳石相似[B. 阿瓦隆内等人（2003年）《亚显微细胞病理学杂志》35卷，69 - 76页]，但与其他硬骨鱼的耳石有很大不同。这两种南极物种的星耳石完全由球霰石组成，而它们的矢耳石和微耳石主要由文石组成。对南极冰鱼和伯氏南极鱼蛋白质模式的平行分析表明，在这两个物种中，矢耳石与微耳石和星耳石有显著差异。矢耳石不含S-100蛋白，钙调蛋白和钙结合蛋白分别位于不连续或生长带。这些结果表明，南极冰鱼和伯氏南极鱼的耳石相似之处多于不同之处，支持了这些物种有共同起源的观点。
