Mosblech Alina, Feussner Ivo, Heilmann Ingo
Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2009 Jun;47(6):511-7. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.12.011. Epub 2008 Dec 25.
Oxylipins are lipophilic signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Initial fatty acid oxidation occurs mainly by the enzymatic or chemical formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides. An array of alternative reactions further converting fatty acid hydroperoxides gives rise to a multitude of oxylipin classes, many with reported signaling functions in plants. Oxylipins include the phytohormone, jasmonic acid, and a number of other molecules including hydroxy-, oxo- or keto-fatty acids or volatile aldehydes that may perform various biological roles as second messengers, messengers in inter-organismic signaling, or even as bactericidal agents. The structural diversity of oxylipins is further increased by esterification of the compounds in plastidial glycolipids, for instance the Arabidopsides, or by conjugation of oxylipins to amino acids or other metabolites. The enzymes involved in oxylipin metabolism are diverse and comprise a multitude of examples with interesting and unusual catalytic properties. In addition, the interplay of different subcellular compartments during oxylipin biosynthesis suggests complex mechanisms of regulation that are not well understood. This review aims at giving an overview of plant oxylipins and the multitude of enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis.
氧脂素是由多不饱和脂肪酸氧化产生的亲脂性信号分子。最初的脂肪酸氧化主要通过脂肪酸氢过氧化物的酶促或化学形成来发生。一系列进一步将脂肪酸氢过氧化物转化的替代反应产生了多种氧脂素类别，其中许多在植物中具有报道的信号功能。氧脂素包括植物激素茉莉酸，以及许多其他分子，包括羟基、氧代或酮脂肪酸或挥发性醛，它们可能作为第二信使、生物间信号传递的信使，甚至作为杀菌剂发挥各种生物学作用。通过将这些化合物酯化到质体糖脂中，例如拟南芥脂，或者通过将氧脂素与氨基酸或其他代谢物结合，氧脂素的结构多样性进一步增加。参与氧脂素代谢的酶多种多样，包含众多具有有趣且独特催化特性的例子。此外，氧脂素生物合成过程中不同亚细胞区室之间的相互作用表明存在尚未完全理解的复杂调控机制。本综述旨在概述植物氧脂素及其生物合成过程中涉及的众多酶。
