Simpson E
Transplantation Biology Section, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K.
Immunol Lett. 1991 Jul;29(1-2):9-14. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(91)90192-d.
Immune responses against foreign tissue or organs can be directed against alloantigenic differences between donor and host encoded by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC; HLA in man and H-2 in mouse). However, when MHC antigens are matched, as in HLA-identical siblings, or between different mouse strains sharing the same H-2 haplotype, graft rejection still occurs and is then directed against alloantigenic differences termed minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. Their molecular nature is not yet determined but they are recognised by T cells in an MHC-restricted manner, so are assumed to be derived from molecules co-expressed with MHC class I or II glycoproteins, possibly as peptides or as "super-antigens". The genes encoding them are scattered throughout the genome, including the Y chromosome, on which the H-Y antigen gene has been mapped in both man and mouse. One striking feature of minor H antigens is their recognition by T cells but not by antibodies. This made work with them, before our ability to generate T cell responses and maintain T cell clones in vitro, very slow but currently the use of MHC-restricted T cell clones has enabled detailed mapping studies and should eventually allow for their molecular characterisation.
针对外来组织或器官的免疫反应可针对主要组织相容性复合体（MHC；人类为HLA，小鼠为H-2）基因编码的供体和宿主之间的同种异体抗原差异。然而，当MHC抗原匹配时，如在HLA相同的兄弟姐妹之间，或在共享相同H-2单倍型的不同小鼠品系之间，移植排斥反应仍然会发生，此时针对的是称为次要组织相容性（H）抗原的同种异体抗原差异。它们的分子性质尚未确定，但它们以MHC限制性方式被T细胞识别，因此被认为源自与MHC I类或II类糖蛋白共表达的分子，可能是作为肽或“超抗原”。编码它们的基因分散在整个基因组中，包括Y染色体，在人类和小鼠中，H-Y抗原基因都已定位在Y染色体上。次要H抗原的一个显著特征是它们被T细胞识别，但不被抗体识别。在我们能够在体外产生T细胞反应并维持T细胞克隆之前，对它们的研究进展非常缓慢，但目前使用MHC限制性T细胞克隆已经能够进行详细的定位研究，并最终应该能够对它们进行分子表征。
