Nations Joel Anthony, Nathan Steven D
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Naval Medicine Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Mt Sinai J Med. 2009 Feb;76(1):53-62. doi: 10.1002/msj.20086.
Lung disease in advanced stages is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. Often, these processes lead to significant morbidity and occasionally mortality. Symptoms of pulmonary comorbidities, including pulmonary embolus, pulmonary hypertension, sleep-disordered breathing, and lung malignancy, may be intertwined with symptoms of advancing lung disease. However, the occurrence of extrapulmonary processes, including depression, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, may be subtle. Clinicians caring for advanced lung disease should be aware of the many comorbid processes that may accompany advancing lung disease.
晚期肺部疾病常伴有多种合并症。这些情况往往会导致严重的发病，偶尔还会导致死亡。肺部合并症的症状，包括肺栓塞、肺动脉高压、睡眠呼吸紊乱和肺部恶性肿瘤，可能与进展性肺部疾病的症状相互交织。然而，肺外疾病的发生，包括抑郁症、糖尿病、骨质疏松症和胃食管反流病，可能较为隐匿。治疗晚期肺部疾病的临床医生应了解可能伴随进展性肺部疾病出现的多种合并症。
