Honing Henkjan, Ladinig Olivia
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Doelenstraat, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Feb;35(1):281-8. doi: 10.1037/a0012732.
This study is concerned with the question whether, and to what extent, listeners' previous exposure to music in everyday life, and expertise as a result of formal musical training, play a role in making expressive timing judgments in music. This was investigated by using a Web-based listening experiment in which listeners with a wide range of musical backgrounds were asked to compare 2 recordings of the same composition (15 pairs, grouped in 3 musical genres), 1 of which was tempo-transformed (manipulating the expressive timing). The results show that expressive timing judgments are not so much influenced by expertise levels, as is suggested by the expertise hypothesis, but by exposure to a certain musical idiom, as is suggested by the exposure hypothesis. As such, the current study provides evidence for the idea that some musical capabilities are acquired through mere exposure to music, and that these abilities are more likely enhanced by active listening (exposure) than by formal musical training (expertise).
本研究关注的问题是，听众在日常生活中对音乐的先前接触以及因正规音乐训练而具备的专业知识，在对音乐的表现性节奏判断中是否发挥作用以及发挥多大作用。为此进行了一项基于网络的听力实验，要求具有广泛音乐背景的听众比较同一作品的两段录音（15对，分为3种音乐类型），其中一段进行了节奏变换（操纵表现性节奏）。结果表明，表现性节奏判断并非如专业知识假说所暗示的那样，受专业水平的影响很大，而是如接触假说所暗示的那样，受对特定音乐风格的接触影响。因此，当前研究为以下观点提供了证据：一些音乐能力是通过单纯接触音乐而获得的，并且这些能力通过积极聆听（接触）比通过正规音乐训练（专业知识）更有可能得到增强。
