Whitman Richard L, Nevers Meredith B
United States Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Michigan Ecological Research Station, 1100 North Mineral Springs Road, Porter, Indiana 46304, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Dec 15;42(24):9217-24. doi: 10.1021/es8019758.
Concentrations of E. coli in recreational beach water are highly variable both locally and temporally, but a broader understanding of these fluctuations may be explained through coastal observations. Currently, beach contamination study approaches tend to be site-specific under the belief that politically delineated beaches are unique and management of beaches cannot be regionally oriented. E. coli data collected over five years from 23 Chicago beaches clearly identified ambient linked patterns at the regional scale. Temporal fluctuations were similar, with all beaches having simultaneous peaks and troughs of E. coli concentrations. Spatially, E. coli concentrations for beaches more closely situated were more closely correlated, indicating spatial autocorrelation. Julian day, wave height, and barometric pressure explained up to 40% of the variation, a value comparable to individual, less parsimonious site-specific models. Day of sampling could explain the majority of the variation in E. coli concentrations, more so than beach, depth, or time of day. Comparing beaches along a targeted coastline allows a better understanding of inherent background regional fluctuations and, ultimately, better predictions of E. coli concentrations in coastal recreational water.
休闲海滩水域中大肠杆菌的浓度在局部和时间上都高度可变，但通过沿海观测可能会对这些波动有更广泛的理解。目前，海滩污染研究方法往往是针对特定地点的，因为人们认为政治划定的海滩是独特的，海滩管理不能以区域为导向。从芝加哥23个海滩收集的五年大肠杆菌数据清楚地确定了区域尺度上的环境关联模式。时间波动相似，所有海滩的大肠杆菌浓度都有同时出现的峰值和谷值。在空间上，位置更接近的海滩的大肠杆菌浓度相关性更强，表明存在空间自相关性。儒略日、波高和气压解释了高达40%的变化，这一数值与单个的、不太简洁的特定地点模型相当。采样日可以解释大肠杆菌浓度变化的大部分，比海滩、深度或一天中的时间更能解释。比较目标海岸线上的海滩有助于更好地理解固有的背景区域波动，并最终更好地预测沿海休闲水域中的大肠杆菌浓度。
