Draper J V, Kaber D B, Usher J M
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6304, USA.
Cyberpsychol Behav. 1999;2(4):349-62. doi: 10.1089/cpb.1999.2.349.
Synthetic environments (SE) feature computer-mediated interaction with an environment physically separate from the user. An SE allows human perceptual, cognitive, and psychomotor capabilities to be projected into distant, dangerous, or simulated environments. This article examines some aspects of application of immersive/telepresence interfaces and discusses how the new technology fits into a user-centered design approach to teleoperators and virtual environments. The central theme of an immersive/telepresence design approach is that the world may be displayed to a user as if that person were physically present in a computermediated world. However, the ability of SEs to re-create a computer-mediated world by using immersive displays does not annul the responsibility of designers to tailor interfaces to meet the task-dependant needs of users. Whether functioning in reality or a virtual reality, interfaces must satisfy user information requirements to optimize performance. It does not necessarily follow that the combination of immersive interfaces, strict reproduction of the remote world, and telepresence gives users the most efficient human-machine interface. Other aspects of human behavior, such as concentration and attentional resource allocation or situation awareness, which are not necessarily encompassed by the concept of telepresence, need to be considered in the interface design.
合成环境（SE）的特点是通过计算机介导与一个在物理上与用户分离的环境进行交互。合成环境使人类的感知、认知和心理运动能力能够投射到遥远、危险或模拟的环境中。本文探讨了沉浸式/远程呈现界面应用的一些方面，并讨论了这项新技术如何融入以用户为中心的远程操作器和虚拟环境设计方法。沉浸式/远程呈现设计方法的核心主题是，世界可以向用户展示，就好像那个人实际身处计算机介导的世界中一样。然而，合成环境通过使用沉浸式显示器重新创建计算机介导世界的能力，并不能免除设计师为满足用户任务相关需求而定制界面的责任。无论是在现实中还是虚拟现实中运行，界面都必须满足用户的信息需求以优化性能。沉浸式界面、对远程世界的严格再现以及远程呈现的结合并不一定能为用户提供最有效的人机界面。在界面设计中还需要考虑人类行为的其他方面，如注意力集中和注意力资源分配或态势感知，而这些方面不一定包含在远程呈现的概念中。
