Draper J V, Kaber D B, Usher J M
Robotics and Process Systems Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831-6304, USA.
Hum Factors. 1998 Sep;40(3):354-75. doi: 10.1518/001872098779591386.
Telepresence, the perception of presence within a physically remote or simulated site, has been identified as a design ideal for synthetic environments. However, confusion exists within the literature about the precise definition of telepresence. Furthermore, there is a need for a plausible and parsimonious model of telepresence. This paper identifies three types of telepresence extant in the literature: simple telepresence, cybernetic telepresence, and experiential telepresence. The third definition is the most interesting. This paper reviews the origins of experiential telepresence and the theoretical approaches commonly used to explain it. One can term these technological approaches, which emphasize the role of control/display technology, and psychological approaches, which identify experiential telepresence with known psychological phenomena. Finally, the paper presents and discusses an integrative approach to telepresence featuring a structured attentional resource model. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of future human-machine interfaces for teleoperated robots and virtual reality systems.
远程临场感，即在物理上遥远或模拟的场所内的在场感，已被视为合成环境的一种设计理想。然而，文献中对于远程临场感的确切定义存在混淆。此外，需要一个合理且简约的远程临场感模型。本文识别出文献中现存的三种远程临场感类型：简单远程临场感、控制论远程临场感和体验式远程临场感。第三种定义最为有趣。本文回顾了体验式远程临场感的起源以及常用于解释它的理论方法。可以将这些技术方法（强调控制/显示技术的作用）和心理学方法（将体验式远程临场感与已知心理现象等同起来）区分开来。最后，本文提出并讨论了一种以结构化注意力资源模型为特色的远程临场感综合方法。这项研究的实际或潜在应用包括为远程操作机器人和虚拟现实系统设计未来的人机界面。
