Kelly B
College of Nursing and Health, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0038.
J Adv Nurs. 1991 Jul;16(7):867-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01769.x.
The purpose of the study was to examine and describe what English nursing undergraduates internalize as professional values. The method was qualitative; specifically, a grounded theory approach was used. The sample comprised 12 senior baccalaureate nursing students from two educational institutions in the north of England. Informants were volunteers who gave informed consent having been briefed on the purposes of the study and how their confidentiality would be protected. Data were collected through audio-taped interviews and the constant comparative method was used to analyse data. The findings revealed that informants perceived two concepts as central to their professional values. These were respect for patients and 'caring about the little things'. They valued the rights of patients to be treated with respect, to know what was happening to them and to have a say in what happened to them. They described the 'little things' as 'an approach with patients that gets through to them'; 'getting out the mirror so they can see themselves'; 'fixing their water so they can reach it'; worrying about someone's dentures or the cat they left at home. They expected that their values would be in conflict with common hospital practice. They valued 'fitting in' and 'going along' but retained their own ideas and values until such time as these could be implemented. They perceived themselves as powerless to create change as new graduates. They believed the overwhelming power resided in the hospital system and the ward sister/charge nurse. They were not inclined toward a career in hospital nursing.
该研究的目的是考察和描述英国护理学本科学生将哪些内容内化为职业价值观。研究方法为定性研究；具体而言，采用了扎根理论方法。样本包括来自英格兰北部两所教育机构的12名护理学本科高年级学生。研究对象为志愿者，他们在了解研究目的及如何保护其隐私后，签署了知情同意书。数据通过录音访谈收集，并采用持续比较法进行分析。研究结果显示，研究对象认为两个概念对其职业价值观至关重要。这两个概念是尊重患者和“关注细节”。他们重视患者受到尊重对待的权利、了解自身情况的权利以及对自身遭遇发表意见的权利。他们将“细节”描述为“与患者沟通并打动他们的方式”；“拿出镜子让他们能看到自己”；“调整水杯位置以便他们能够到”；担心某人的假牙或他们留在家里的猫。他们预计自己的价值观会与医院的常规做法产生冲突。他们重视“融入”和“随波逐流”，但在能够实施自己的想法和价值观之前会保留这些想法和价值观。作为应届毕业生，他们觉得自己无力推动变革。他们认为医院系统和病房护士长/主管护士拥有绝对权力。他们不倾向于从事医院护理工作。
