Kleiser Christina, Schaffrath Rosario Angelika, Mensink Gert B M, Prinz-Langenohl Reinhild, Kurth Bärbel-Maria
Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2009 Feb 2;9:46. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-46.
Obesity among children and adolescents is a growing public health problem. The aim of the present paper is to identify potential determinants of obesity and risk groups among 3- to 17-year old children and adolescents to provide a basis for effective prevention strategies.
Data were collected in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), a nationally representative and comprehensive data set on health behaviour and health status of German children and adolescents. Body height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was classified according to IOTF cut-off points. Statistical analyses were conducted on 13,450 non-underweight children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years. The association between overweight, obesity and several potential determinants was analysed for this group as well as for three socio-economic status (SES) groups. A multiple logistic regression model with obesity as the dependent variable was also calculated.
The strongest association with obesity was observed for parental overweight and for low SES. Furthermore, a positive association with both overweight (including obesity) and obesity was seen for maternal smoking during pregnancy, high weight gain during pregnancy (only for mothers of normal weight), high birth weight, and high media consumption. In addition, high intakes of meat and sausages, total beverages, water and tea, total food and beverages, as well as energy-providing food and beverages were significantly associated with overweight as well as with obesity. Long sleep time was negatively associated with obesity among 3- to 10-year olds. Determinants of obesity occurred more often among children and adolescents with low SES.
Parental overweight and a low SES are major potential determinants of obesity. Families with these characteristics should be focused on in obesity prevention.
儿童和青少年肥胖是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。本文旨在确定3至17岁儿童和青少年肥胖的潜在决定因素及风险群体，为有效的预防策略提供依据。
数据收集于德国儿童和青少年健康访谈与检查调查（KiGGS），这是一个关于德国儿童和青少年健康行为与健康状况的具有全国代表性的综合数据集。测量身高和体重，并根据国际肥胖工作组（IOTF）的切点对体重指数（BMI）进行分类。对13450名3至17岁非体重过轻的儿童和青少年进行了统计分析。分析了该群体以及三个社会经济地位（SES）群体中超重、肥胖与几个潜在决定因素之间的关联。还计算了以肥胖为因变量的多元逻辑回归模型。
观察到与肥胖关联最强的是父母超重和低社会经济地位。此外，孕期母亲吸烟、孕期体重增加过多（仅针对体重正常的母亲）、出生体重高以及媒体消费高与超重（包括肥胖）和肥胖均呈正相关。此外，肉类和香肠、总饮料、水和茶、总食物和饮料以及提供能量的食物和饮料的高摄入量与超重以及肥胖均显著相关。3至10岁儿童中，睡眠时间长与肥胖呈负相关。肥胖的决定因素在社会经济地位低的儿童和青少年中更常见。
父母超重和低社会经济地位是肥胖的主要潜在决定因素。在肥胖预防中应关注具有这些特征的家庭。
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