Sterling C E, Jolley S G, Besser A S, Matteson-Kane M
J Pediatr Nurs. 1991 Oct;6(5):331-6.
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been known to occur in infants but was thought to be normal. As a result of increased recognition of GER and a clear documentation of GER with extended (18 to 24 hour) esophageal pH monitoring, several severe complications of GER in children have become apparent. An immature cardiorespiratory system is susceptible to some complications of GER such as apnea, choking, recurrent cough or wheezing, and recurrent aspiration pneumonia. Noncardiorespiratory complications include weight loss, esophagitis, anemia, irritability, posturing, malnutrition, and developmental delays. Nursing assessment contributes to a complete clinical picture and the subsequent treatment choice of the physician. To form an accurate assessment of the child with suspected GER, the nurse must be aware of the symptoms and complications of this condition and must precisely execute diagnostic studies, particularly extended esophageal pH monitoring. Nursing responsibilities also include providing a safe yet stimulating environment for the child, teaching parents to participate in the child's care, supporting parents through hospitalization, and preparing both the parents and child for discharge and follow-up care at home.
胃食管反流（GER）在婴儿中较为常见，但过去一直被认为是正常现象。随着对GER认识的提高以及通过延长（18至24小时）食管pH监测对GER进行明确记录，儿童GER的几种严重并发症已变得明显。未成熟的心肺系统易受GER的一些并发症影响，如呼吸暂停、窒息、反复咳嗽或喘息以及反复吸入性肺炎。非心肺并发症包括体重减轻、食管炎、贫血、易激惹、姿势异常、营养不良和发育迟缓。护理评估有助于全面了解临床情况，并为医生后续的治疗选择提供依据。为了对疑似GER的儿童进行准确评估，护士必须了解这种疾病的症状和并发症，并且必须精确执行诊断研究，特别是延长食管pH监测。护理职责还包括为儿童提供一个安全且富有刺激性的环境，教导家长参与孩子的护理，在住院期间支持家长，并为家长和孩子做好出院及家庭后续护理的准备。
