Schneider Sabine, Schorr Stephanie, Carell Thomas
Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2009 Feb;19(1):87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2009.01.005. Epub 2009 Feb 4.
Selective base pairing of the four canonical nucleobases is fundamental for the integrity of the genetic system. Information loss associated with DNA damage is a constant challenge and in response, organisms have evolved specialized defence systems consisting of DNA repair and lesion tolerance. DNA repair requires the action of different lesion recognition proteins such as lesion-specific glycosylases and DNA endonucleases. Lesion tolerance is established by special translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases, which are able to bypass lesions during replication. In the past decade a large number of structures of repair proteins and TLS polymerases in complex with DNA containing individual lesions provided detailed insight into the chemistry of DNA repair and TLS. This review summarizes recent structural results.
四种标准核碱基的选择性碱基配对对于遗传系统的完整性至关重要。与DNA损伤相关的信息丢失是一个持续的挑战，作为应对措施，生物体进化出了由DNA修复和损伤耐受组成的专门防御系统。DNA修复需要不同的损伤识别蛋白发挥作用，如损伤特异性糖基化酶和DNA内切核酸酶。损伤耐受是由特殊的跨损伤合成（TLS）聚合酶建立的，这些聚合酶能够在复制过程中绕过损伤。在过去十年中，大量修复蛋白和TLS聚合酶与含有单个损伤的DNA形成复合物的结构，为DNA修复和TLS的化学过程提供了详细的见解。本综述总结了最近的结构研究结果。
