CREM mutations and ADHD symptoms.

CREM mutant mice have behaviors similar to symptoms seen in ADHD such as the increased level of physical activity as well as altered emotional and stress responses. Our results demonstrate that all the four participants with ADHD had elevated levels of nocturnal melatonin in urine samples before starting the methylphenidate treatment. We hypothesize that abnormalities in CREM protein functions or mutations in the CREM gene may be underlying at least some of the symptoms in patients with ADHD.