Bleckmann H, Breithaupt T, Blickhan R, Tautz J
Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Biologie, Federal Republic of Germany.
J Comp Physiol A. 1991 Jun;168(6):749-57. doi: 10.1007/BF00224363.
In the present study the time course and spectral-amplitude distribution of hydrodynamic flow fields caused by moving fish, frogs, and crustaceans were investigated with the aid of laser-Doppler-anemometry. In the vicinity of a hovering fish sinusoidal water movements can be recorded whose velocity spectra peak below 10 Hz. Single strokes during startle responses or during steady swimming of fish, frogs, and crustaceans cause short-lasting, low-frequency (less than 10 Hz), transient water movements. Low-frequency transients also occur if a frog approaches and passes a velocity-sensitive hydrodynamic sensor. In contrast, transient water movements caused by a rapidly struggling or startled fish or water motions measured in the wake of a slowly swimming (less than or equal to 47 cm/s) trout can be broadbanded, i.e., these water movements can contain frequency components up to at least 100 Hz. High-frequency hydrodynamic events can also be measured behind obstacles submerged in running water. The possible biological advantage of the ability to detect high-frequency hydroynamic events is discussed with respect to the natural occurrence of high frequencies and its potential role in orientation and predator-prey interactions of aquatic animals.
在本研究中，借助激光多普勒测速仪，对由游动的鱼类、青蛙和甲壳类动物引起的流体动力流场的时间进程和频谱 - 振幅分布进行了研究。在悬停的鱼类附近，可以记录到正弦水运动，其速度谱在10Hz以下达到峰值。鱼类、青蛙和甲壳类动物在惊吓反应期间或稳定游动期间的单次划动会引起持续时间短、低频（小于10Hz）的瞬态水运动。当青蛙靠近并经过一个对速度敏感的流体动力传感器时，也会出现低频瞬态。相比之下，快速挣扎或受惊吓的鱼类引起的瞬态水运动或在缓慢游动（小于或等于47cm/s）的鳟鱼尾流中测量到的水运动可能是宽带的，即这些水运动可以包含至少高达100Hz的频率成分。在流动水中淹没的障碍物后面也可以测量到高频流体动力事件。关于高频自然出现的情况及其在水生动物定向和捕食者 - 猎物相互作用中的潜在作用，讨论了检测高频流体动力事件能力的可能生物学优势。
