Linking dengue virus entry and translation/replication through amphisomes.

Amphisomes are preautolysosomal vacuoles formed upon the fusion of autophagosomes with endosomes, and as such represent a critical meeting point between endocytic and autophagic pathways. Dengue virus enters into susceptible cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and colocalization of dengue markers with markers of both autophagic and endosomal vesicles demonstrates that amphisomes are a site of dengue virus replication and translation. This work links for the first time the processes of dengue virus entry and translation/replication, and allows for interpretation of the early part of the dengue virus life cycle in terms of a continual association with membranes of an endosomal-autophagosomal lineage.