Durić Predrag, Miladinov-Mikov Marica
Institut za javno zdravlje Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti.
Med Pregl. 2008 Sep-Oct;61(9-10):464-9. doi: 10.2298/mpns0810464d.
Traffic accidents are caused by road, vehicle and human factors, the latter one causing, either by itself or associated with other factors, more than 90% of car accidents. There are three types of human errors: errors in perception, attention and memory.
The study included thirty healthy drivers, aged 28-40, with 500 km driven per a week, who had caused at least one traffic accident, but not being intoxicated by alcohol or drugs during the accident. The same number of controls were included. Both the cases and controls were interviewed.
We found no difference regarding the marital status, education, conflicts with family members or problems at work, frequency of using the car, speed and habit of fastening seat belts among car drivers who had caused traffic accidents and those who had not. However, we did find significant differences in the frequency of alcohol consumption in general and before driving.
Car drivers who had caused traffic accidents used alcohol regularly in greater percentage than those drivers who had not caused any accident--i.e. not a single control claimed to use alcohol regularly. A statistically significant difference was also recorded in alcohol consumption immediately before driving. Such results had been expected, bearing in mind the influence of alcohol on the time needed by drivers to react in emergency.
Alcohol consumption is an important factor causing traffic accidents. Since drivers included in our study did not cause a road accident after consuming alcohol, we have found that alcohol consumption, both regular and just before driving, is an important cause of traffic accidents.
交通事故由道路、车辆和人为因素造成，其中人为因素单独或与其他因素共同导致了超过90%的汽车事故。人为错误有三种类型：感知错误、注意力错误和记忆错误。
该研究纳入了30名年龄在28至40岁之间、每周驾车里程达500公里、至少发生过一次交通事故且事故发生时未饮酒或吸毒的健康驾驶员。对照组人数相同。对病例组和对照组均进行了访谈。
我们发现，发生过交通事故的汽车驾驶员和未发生过交通事故的驾驶员在婚姻状况、教育程度、与家庭成员的冲突或工作问题、用车频率以及系安全带的速度和习惯方面没有差异。然而，我们确实发现，总体饮酒频率和驾车前饮酒频率存在显著差异。
发生过交通事故的汽车驾驶员定期饮酒的比例高于未发生过任何事故的驾驶员——即没有一个对照组声称经常饮酒。在驾车前立即饮酒的情况也记录到了具有统计学意义的差异。考虑到酒精对驾驶员在紧急情况下反应所需时间的影响，这样的结果是可以预料的。
饮酒是导致交通事故的一个重要因素。由于我们研究中的驾驶员在饮酒后并未引发道路事故，我们发现，定期饮酒以及驾车前饮酒都是交通事故的重要原因。
