2006-2008 年期间在挪威死于道路交通碰撞事故的驾驶员的毒理学调查。
Toxicological investigations of drivers killed in road traffic accidents in Norway during 2006-2008.
机构信息
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Toxicology and Drug Abuse, Lovisenberggata 6, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Oct 10;212(1-3):102-9. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.05.021. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
AIM
To study the results from the toxicological investigations of drivers of cars and vans who were fatally injured in road traffic accidents in 2006-2008 and discuss the findings in relation to the proposed legal limits and impairment thresholds for drugs.
METHODS
Analyses for alcohol, illegal drugs and psychoactive medicinal drugs were performed by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Information on type of accident (single or multiple vehicles) and type of road (urban or rural) was obtained from Statistics Norway.
RESULTS
Toxicological analyses were requested for 59% of the fatally injured drivers. Drivers involved in single vehicle accidents were more often subject to toxicological investigations, so were also young male drivers and drivers killed on urban roads. Alcohol or drugs were found in concentrations above the current (for alcohol) or proposed (for drugs) legal limits in samples from 37.8% of the drivers; from 64.3% those killed in single-vehicle accidents and 17.9% of those killed in multiple-vehicle accidents. In total, alcohol was found in 25.0%, illicit drugs in 10.2%, and psychoactive medicinal drugs in 13.8% of the samples. Combinations of alcohol and drugs were found in 5.1% and multiple drugs without alcohol in 6.1% of the samples. The prevalence of alcohol or drugs was higher in samples from males than females, higher in samples from young drivers, and higher in samples from drivers killed during weekends. Two thirds of the drivers with alcohol or drug concentrations above the current or proposed legal limits had concentrations above the proposed high impairment threshold. About 60% of the latter ones were impaired by alcohol only, 20% by drugs in combination with alcohol, and 20% by drugs only, mainly due to multi-drug use.
CONCLUSION
The use of alcohol or drugs before driving was a significant contributing factor in fatal road traffic accidents, particularly in single vehicle accidents, and particularly among young male drivers. Alcohol was the most significant intoxicant, but multi-substance use was also significantly prevalent. The majority of the drivers with alcohol or drug findings were strongly impaired.
目的
研究 2006-2008 年在道路交通碰撞事故中致命受伤的汽车和小货车驾驶员的毒理学调查结果，并讨论这些发现与拟议的药物法定限制和损害阈值的关系。
方法
挪威公共卫生研究所对酒精、非法药物和精神药物进行了分析。事故类型（单辆车或多辆车）和道路类型（城市或农村）的信息来自挪威统计局。
结果
对 59%的致命受伤驾驶员进行了毒理学分析。单辆车事故中的驾驶员更常接受毒理学调查，因此也包括年轻男性驾驶员和在城市道路上死亡的驾驶员。在 37.8%的驾驶员样本中，发现酒精浓度超过现行（酒精）或拟议（药物）法定限制；在单辆车事故中死亡的驾驶员中占 64.3%，在多辆车事故中死亡的驾驶员中占 17.9%。总的来说，在 25.0%的样本中发现了酒精，在 10.2%的样本中发现了非法药物，在 13.8%的样本中发现了精神药物。在 5.1%的样本中发现了酒精和药物的混合物，在 6.1%的样本中发现了无酒精的多种药物。在男性样本中发现酒精或药物的比例高于女性，在年轻驾驶员样本中发现的比例高于年长驾驶员，在周末死亡的驾驶员样本中发现的比例更高。在当前或拟议的法定限制以上有酒精或药物浓度的驾驶员中，有三分之二的人浓度高于拟议的高损害阈值。在这些人当中，约 60%的人仅因酒精而受损，20%的人因酒精和药物联合作用受损，20%的人仅因药物受损，主要是因为多药物使用。
结论
在致命的道路交通事故中，驾驶前使用酒精或药物是一个重要的促成因素，特别是在单辆车事故中，尤其是在年轻男性驾驶员中。酒精是最主要的致醉物，但多物质使用也非常普遍。大多数有酒精或药物发现的驾驶员受到严重损害。
Zotero 插件