Jiang Cizhong, Pugh B Franklin
Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Nat Rev Genet. 2009 Mar;10(3):161-72. doi: 10.1038/nrg2522.
Knowing the precise locations of nucleosomes in a genome is key to understanding how genes are regulated. Recent 'next generation' ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq technologies have accelerated our understanding of the basic principles of chromatin organization. Here we discuss what high-resolution genome-wide maps of nucleosome positions have taught us about how nucleosome positioning demarcates promoter regions and transcriptional start sites, and how the composition and structure of promoter nucleosomes facilitate or inhibit transcription. A detailed picture is starting to emerge of how diverse factors, including underlying DNA sequences and chromatin remodelling complexes, influence nucleosome positioning.
了解核小体在基因组中的精确位置是理解基因如何被调控的关键。最近的“新一代”芯片染色质免疫沉淀技术（ChIP-chip）和测序染色质免疫沉淀技术（ChIP-Seq）加速了我们对染色质组织基本原理的理解。在这里，我们讨论核小体位置的高分辨率全基因组图谱让我们了解到核小体定位如何划分启动子区域和转录起始位点，以及启动子核小体的组成和结构如何促进或抑制转录。关于包括潜在DNA序列和染色质重塑复合物在内的多种因素如何影响核小体定位，一幅详细的图景正开始浮现。
