Liu Yiyan
Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, University Hospital, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, H-141, 150 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
Ann Nucl Med. 2009 Jan;23(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/s12149-008-0198-0. Epub 2009 Feb 11.
Significant uptake of the thyroid is often identified as an incidental finding on whole-body F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for non-thyroid disease. Sometimes, it is a dilemma for radiologists to interpret clinical significance of thyroid uptake and give adequate recommendation for further evaluation. In general, diffuse uptake of the thyroid glands on FDG-PET is considered to be benign and very likely secondary to thyroiditis and/or hypothyroidism; a further correlation or investigation of the thyroid function and/or ultrasound is helpful. Focal uptake of the thyroid on FDG-PET is defined as an incidentaloma, which is more clinically significant owing to its high risk of malignancy ranging 25-50%. Although maximum standardized uptake value and corresponding computed tomographic finding may help to differentiate benign from malignant lesion, a cytological diagnosis is often advised. The clinical significance of diffuse plus focal uptake of the thyroid on FDG-PET is not well known; it may also be associated with an increased risk of malignancy when compared with a diffuse uptake pattern only.
在针对非甲状腺疾病进行的全身F18-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描（FDG-PET）中，甲状腺摄取显著常被作为偶然发现。有时，放射科医生难以解读甲状腺摄取的临床意义并给出进一步评估的恰当建议。一般而言，FDG-PET上甲状腺弥漫性摄取被认为是良性的，很可能继发于甲状腺炎和/或甲状腺功能减退；进一步关联或检查甲状腺功能和/或超声会有所帮助。FDG-PET上甲状腺的局灶性摄取被定义为偶发瘤，因其恶性风险高达25%-50%，所以在临床上更具意义。尽管最大标准化摄取值及相应的计算机断层扫描结果可能有助于鉴别良性与恶性病变，但通常仍建议进行细胞学诊断。FDG-PET上甲状腺弥漫性加局灶性摄取的临床意义尚不清楚；与仅为弥漫性摄取模式相比，它也可能与恶性风险增加有关。
