Kruppa E, Jünger J, Nikendei C
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2009 Feb;134(8):371-2. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1124008. Epub 2009 Feb 10.
Following amendment to the German medical licensing regulations in April 2002, the training and examination of clinical-technical competencies within university medical education has gained in importance. To date, the implementation of new and innovative teaching and assessment methods at medical faculties in the Federal Republic of Germany has not been subject to exhaustive and detailed evaluation.
Using structured telephone interviews, all 36 medical faculties were questioned concerning their curricula, application of skills laboratory training, standardised patients (SPs), problem-based learning (PBL), computer-based training (CBT), and the implementation of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE).
All 36 faculties (100 %) took part in the survey. 34 faculties (94 %) reported providing training in a skills laboratory and 30 (83 %) faculties reported working with standardised patients. PBL is employed at 33 faculties (92 %) and CBT at 32 (89 %). Practical clinical assessments in the form of OSCEs are conducted at 28 faculties and are currently being installed at two further universities.
New and innovative teaching and examination methods have been implemented in almost all medical universities in the Federal Republic of Germany. Further studies are needed in order to assess the extent to which individual specialist fields are involved in these developments.
2002年4月德国医学许可条例修订后，大学医学教育中临床技术能力的培训与考核变得愈发重要。迄今为止，德意志联邦共和国医学院校新的创新性教学与评估方法的实施尚未经过详尽且细致的评估。
通过结构化电话访谈，对所有36所医学院校就其课程设置、技能实验室培训的应用、标准化病人（SPs）、基于问题的学习（PBL）、基于计算机的培训（CBT）以及客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）的实施情况进行了询问。
所有36所院校（100%）参与了调查。34所院校（94%）报告提供技能实验室培训，30所院校（83%）报告使用标准化病人。33所院校（92%）采用PBL，32所院校（89%）采用CBT。28所院校以OSCE的形式进行实践临床评估，另外两所大学目前也正在安装相关设备。
德意志联邦共和国几乎所有医科大学都已实施新的创新性教学与考试方法。为评估各个专业领域参与这些发展的程度，还需要进一步开展研究。
