Hillman Charles H, Buck Sarah M, Themanson Jason R, Pontifex Matthew B, Castelli Darla M
Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2009 Jan;45(1):114-29. doi: 10.1037/a0014437.
The relationship between aerobic fitness and executive control was assessed in 38 higher- and lower-fit children (M-sub(age) = 9.4 years), grouped according to their performance on a field test of aerobic capacity. Participants performed a flanker task requiring variable amounts of executive control while event-related brain potential responses and task performance were assessed. Results indicated that higher-fit children performed more accurately across conditions of the flanker task and following commission errors when compared to lower-fit children, whereas no group differences were observed for reaction time. Neuroelectric data indicated that P3 amplitude was larger for higher- compared to lower-fit children across conditions of the flanker task, and higher-fit children exhibited reduced error-related negativity amplitude and increased error positivity amplitude compared to lower-fit children. The data suggest that fitness is associated with better cognitive performance on an executive control task through increased cognitive control, resulting in greater allocation of attentional resources during stimulus encoding and a subsequent reduction in conflict during response selection. The findings differ from those observed in adult populations by indicating a general rather than a selective relationship between aerobic fitness and cognition.
根据有氧能力现场测试的表现，将38名健康水平较高和较低的儿童（平均年龄9.4岁）进行分组，评估有氧适能与执行控制之间的关系。参与者执行一项需要不同程度执行控制的侧翼任务，同时评估事件相关脑电位反应和任务表现。结果表明，与健康水平较低的儿童相比，健康水平较高的儿童在侧翼任务的各种条件下以及在出现错误后表现得更准确，而在反应时间上未观察到组间差异。神经电数据表明，在侧翼任务的各种条件下，健康水平较高的儿童比健康水平较低的儿童P3波幅更大，并且与健康水平较低的儿童相比，健康水平较高的儿童错误相关负波幅降低，错误正波幅增加。数据表明，通过增强认知控制，适能与执行控制任务中更好的认知表现相关，从而在刺激编码过程中更多地分配注意力资源，并在反应选择过程中减少冲突。这些发现与在成年人群中观察到的结果不同，表明有氧适能与认知之间存在普遍而非选择性的关系。
