Beghi Ettore
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2009 Feb;9(2):291-8. doi: 10.1586/14737175.9.2.291.
People with pilepsy are thought to be at an increased risk of accidents and injuries. This results in stigmatization of patients with epilepsy and contributes to a number of limitations in their daily living activities. However, even with differing results, several observational studies (including a large multicenter European survey) report that most accidental injuries are minor and are mostly caused by an epileptogenic clinical condition, an associated handicap or the recurrence of seizures. Domestic, street and work accidents are, in decreasing order, the most common places for such injuries to occur. Contusions and wounds are the most common injuries, followed by abrasions, fractures, brain concussions, sprains/strains and burns. Associated handicaps and comorbidity, where present, as well as antiepileptic drugs, may cause accidents and injuries by impairing cognitive functions and increasing the patient's susceptibility to suffer from the complications of injuries. Patients with epilepsy are also at a slightly higher risk of accidental death than the general population; accidental causes include fires and flames, drowning, suffocation, foreign bodies, falls, suicide and transport accidents. When epileptogenic conditions and seizure-related events are excluded, patients with epilepsy are only at a slightly greater risk of accidents and injuries than the general population.
癫痫患者被认为发生事故和受伤的风险增加。这导致癫痫患者受到污名化，并给他们的日常生活活动带来诸多限制。然而，即便结果各异，一些观察性研究（包括一项大型欧洲多中心调查）报告称，大多数意外伤害并不严重，主要由致痫临床状况、相关残疾或癫痫发作复发所致。家庭、街道和工作场所事故依次是此类伤害最常见的发生地点。挫伤和伤口是最常见的损伤，其次是擦伤、骨折、脑震荡、扭伤/拉伤和烧伤。存在的相关残疾和合并症以及抗癫痫药物，可能通过损害认知功能并增加患者遭受损伤并发症的易感性而导致事故和伤害。癫痫患者意外死亡的风险也略高于一般人群；意外原因包括火灾、溺水、窒息、异物、跌倒、自杀和交通事故。排除致痫状况和与癫痫发作相关的事件后，癫痫患者发生事故和受伤的风险仅比一般人群略高。
