毛囊作为一个动态的微小器官。

The hair follicle as a dynamic miniorgan.

作者信息

Schneider Marlon R, Schmidt-Ullrich Ruth, Paus Ralf

机构信息

Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

出版信息

Curr Biol. 2009 Feb 10;19(3):R132-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005.

DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005

PMID:19211055

Abstract

Hair is a primary characteristic of mammals, and exerts a wide range of functions including thermoregulation, physical protection, sensory activity, and social interactions. The hair shaft consists of terminally differentiated keratinocytes that are produced by the hair follicle. Hair follicle development takes place during fetal skin development and relies on tightly regulated ectodermal-mesodermal interactions. After birth, mature and actively growing hair follicles eventually become anchored in the subcutis, and periodically regenerate by spontaneously undergoing repetitive cycles of growth (anagen), apoptosis-driven regression (catagen), and relative quiescence (telogen). Our molecular understanding of hair follicle biology relies heavily on mouse mutants with abnormalities in hair structure, growth, and/or pigmentation. These mice have allowed novel insights into important general molecular and cellular processes beyond skin and hair biology, ranging from organ induction, morphogenesis and regeneration, to pigment and stem cell biology, cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we present basic concepts of hair follicle biology and summarize important recent advances in the field.

摘要

毛发是哺乳动物的一个主要特征，具有多种功能，包括体温调节、物理保护、感觉活动和社交互动。毛干由毛囊产生的终末分化角质形成细胞组成。毛囊发育在胎儿皮肤发育过程中发生，依赖于严格调控的外胚层-中胚层相互作用。出生后，成熟且活跃生长的毛囊最终锚定在皮下组织，并通过自发经历生长（生长期）、凋亡驱动的退化（退行期）和相对静止（休止期）的重复周期而周期性再生。我们对毛囊生物学的分子理解在很大程度上依赖于毛发结构、生长和/或色素沉着异常的小鼠突变体。这些小鼠使我们对皮肤和毛发生物学之外的重要一般分子和细胞过程有了新的认识，范围从器官诱导、形态发生和再生到色素和干细胞生物学、细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡。在这篇综述中，我们介绍毛囊生物学的基本概念，并总结该领域最近的重要进展。