澳大利亚东部植物标本馆标本中的叶片锰积累：探寻“新的”锰超积累植物及其在分类学中的潜在应用
Foliar Mn accumulation in eastern Australian herbarium specimens: prospecting for 'new' Mn hyperaccumulators and potential applications in taxonomy.
作者信息
Fernando Denise R, Guymer Gordon, Reeves Roger D, Woodrow Ian E, Baker Alan J, Batianoff George N
机构信息
School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
出版信息
Ann Bot. 2009 Apr;103(6):931-9. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcp013. Epub 2009 Feb 10.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The analysis of herbarium specimens has previously been used to prospect for 'new' hyperaccumulators, while the use of foliar manganese (Mn) concentrations as a taxonomic tool has been suggested. On the basis of their geographic and taxonomic affiliations to known Mn hyperaccumulators, six eastern Australian genera from the Queensland Herbarium collection were sampled for leaf tissue analyses.
METHODS
ICP-OES was used to measure Mn and other elemental concentrations in 47 species within the genera Austromyrtus, Lenwebbia, Gossia (Myrtaceae), Macadamia (Proteaceae), Maytenus and Denhamia (Celastraceae).
KEY RESULTS
The resulting data demonstrated (a) up to seven 'new' Mn hyperaccumulators, mostly tropical rainforest species; (b) that one of these 'new' Mn hyperaccumulators also had notably elevated foliar Ni concentrations; (c) evidence of an interrelationship between foliar Mn and Al uptake among the Macadamias; (d) considerable variability of Mn hyperaccumulation within Gossia; and (e) the possibility that Maytenus cunninghamii may include subspecies.
CONCLUSIONS
Gossia bamagensis, G. fragrantissima, G. sankowsiorum, G. gonoclada and Maytenus cunninghamii were identified as 'new' Mn hyperaccumulators, while Gossia lucida and G. shepherdii are possible 'new' Mn hyperaccumulators. Of the three Myrtaceae genera examined, Mn hyperaccumulation appears restricted to Gossia, supporting its recent taxonomic revision. In the context of this present investigation and existing information, a reassesment of the general definition of Mn hyperaccumulation may be warranted. Morphological variation of Maytenus cunninghamii at two extremities was consistent with variation in Mn accumulation, indicating two possible 'new' subspecies. Although caution should be exercised in interpreting the data, surveying herbarium specimens by chemical analysis has provided an effective means of assessing foliar Mn accumulation. These findings should be followed up by field studies.
背景与目的
此前已利用植物标本馆的标本进行 “新的” 超积累植物的勘探，同时有人建议将叶片锰（Mn）浓度用作一种分类学工具。根据其与已知锰超积累植物的地理和分类学关系，对昆士兰植物标本馆收藏的澳大利亚东部六个属的植物进行了叶片组织分析采样。
方法
采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）测定了桃金娘科的澳香桃木属、伦氏木属、戈氏木属、山龙眼科的澳洲坚果属、卫矛科的美登木属和德氏木属等47个物种叶片中的锰及其他元素浓度。
主要结果
所得数据表明：（a）多达七种 “新的” 锰超积累植物，大多为热带雨林物种；（b）其中一种 “新的” 锰超积累植物的叶片镍浓度也显著升高；（c）澳洲坚果属植物叶片锰吸收与铝吸收之间存在相互关系的证据；（d）戈氏木属内锰超积累存在相当大的变异性；（e）康宁汉美登木可能包含亚种。
结论
巴马戈氏木、芳香戈氏木、桑氏戈氏木、裸花戈氏木和康宁汉美登木被鉴定为 “新的” 锰超积累植物，而亮叶戈氏木和谢氏戈氏木可能是 “新的” 锰超积累植物。在所研究的三个桃金娘科属中，锰超积累似乎仅限于戈氏木属，这支持了其最近的分类修订。在本次调查和现有信息的背景下，可能有必要重新评估锰超积累的一般定义。康宁汉美登木两端的形态变异与锰积累的变异一致，表明可能存在两个 “新的” 亚种。尽管在解释数据时应谨慎，但通过化学分析对植物标本馆标本进行调查提供了一种评估叶片锰积累的有效方法。这些发现应通过实地研究进行跟进。
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