Oehme A, Musholt P B, Dreesbach K
Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster.
Klin Wochenschr. 1991 Aug 1;69(11):463-73. doi: 10.1007/BF01649417.
Chlamydiae are Gram-negative bacteria with obligate intracellular reproduction and disability to synthesize high-energy compounds such as ATP. Their cycle of development is unique among the prokaryotes: the host cells, mainly epithelial cells, are infected by so-called elementary bodies (EB) which undergo reorganization to form metabolically active reticulate bodies (RB). These RB multiply by binary fission, and after transition into infectious EB they are released within 48-72 hours. Chlamydiae cause prolonged subclinical infections of the conjunctiva, lung, cervix, and urethra. Complications in newborns are inclusion conjunctivitis, nasopharyngitis and pneumonia; in females, salpingitis, infertility, and perihepatitis; in male patients, epididymitis and prostatitis; and in both sexes, Chlamydiae-induced arthritis. Identification of the pathogenic agent confirms clinical diagnosis; tissue culture identification remains the diagnostic method of choice. Therapeutical drugs are tetracycline, erythromycin, josamycin, and in certain cases quinolone derivatives.
衣原体是革兰氏阴性菌，具有专性细胞内繁殖能力且无法合成如三磷酸腺苷（ATP）等高能化合物。它们的发育周期在原核生物中独具特色：宿主细胞（主要是上皮细胞）被所谓的原体（EB）感染，原体进行重组形成代谢活跃的网状体（RB）。这些网状体通过二分裂进行繁殖，在转变为感染性原体后，它们会在48 - 72小时内释放出来。衣原体可引起结膜、肺部、宫颈和尿道的长期亚临床感染。新生儿的并发症有包涵体结膜炎、鼻咽炎和肺炎；女性患者有输卵管炎、不孕和肝周围炎；男性患者有附睾炎和前列腺炎；两性均有衣原体诱导的关节炎。病原体的鉴定可确诊临床诊断；组织培养鉴定仍是首选的诊断方法。治疗药物有四环素、红霉素、交沙霉素，在某些情况下还有喹诺酮衍生物。
