Aziz Sina, Noorulain Wajeeha, Zaidi Umm-e-Rubab, Hossain Kehkashan, Siddiqui Intisar Ahmed
Sarwar Zuberi Liver Centre, Medical Unit 5, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2009 Jan;59(1):35-8.
To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents of affluent schools of Karachi.
This descriptive study is part of an ongoing nationwide project funded by Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan, to develop growth centile charts of our children. This survey of three affluent schools of Karachi was done over a period of three months (from Sept to end Nov, 2007) including 398 children. Socio-economic group was decided based on monthly income and items such as computer, fridge, television, car etc. Students from Class 1-10 representing age group 6 to 17 years were included; children were divided into groups A, B, and C representing age of 6-9, 10-13, and 14-17 years respectively. The children included were healthy with no history of chronic infection and immunization up-to-date as per the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) schedule of the country. Body weight was measured in minimum clothing to the nearest 0.1 kg using a weight scale with calibration done after every 25 readings. Body height was measured in the erect position without shoes to the nearest 0.1 cm using wall mounted stadiometers. A twenty four hour diet chart was obtained using specially designed questionnaires. The reference definitions used were those given by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) according to which children having their BMI plotted above 95th centile are obese and BMI between 85th-95th centiles were "at risk for overweight."
Data of 398 students belonging to affluent schools is presented. Out of these 398, 24 (6%) were above the 95th centile (obese) while 77 (19.35%) were between 85th-95th centiles on NCHS charts (at risk for overweight). The children in group A (6-9 years) showed daily caloric intake of 2220+/-816 kcal/day, group B showed caloric intake of 2133+/-942 kcal/day and group C a caloric intake of 1976+/-873 kcal/day. Apart from the overall data, children above 95th centile and between 85th to 95th centile showed a daily caloric intake of 1861+/-849 and 2056+/-895 kcal per day, respectively. Approximately 85% of the students when asked about their daily schedule were leading a predominantly sedentary life style, due to tuitions, television viewing or internet surfing or indoor games like play stations (not requiring physical activity).
Even with our small sample size the percentage of obese and overweight children were 6% and 19% of the population studied. This study suggests that overweight and obesity among these children maybe due to their sedentary lifestyle and/or lack of intake of proper food (imbalance in the intake of daily calories, carbohydrate, fat and protein).
评估卡拉奇富裕学校儿童及青少年中超重和肥胖的患病率。
这项描述性研究是由巴基斯坦高等教育委员会（HEC）资助的一项正在进行的全国性项目的一部分，该项目旨在绘制我国儿童生长百分位图。对卡拉奇三所富裕学校进行了为期三个月（2007年9月至11月底）的调查，共纳入398名儿童。根据月收入以及电脑、冰箱、电视、汽车等物品来确定社会经济群体。纳入1 - 10年级代表6至17岁年龄组的学生；儿童被分为A、B、C组，分别代表6 - 9岁、10 - 13岁和14 - 17岁。纳入的儿童身体健康，无慢性感染史，且按照该国扩大免疫规划（EPI）计划进行了最新免疫接种。穿着最少衣物，使用每25次读数后校准的体重秤测量体重，精确到0.1千克。使用壁挂式身高计在无鞋直立位测量身高，精确到0.1厘米。通过专门设计的问卷获取24小时饮食图表。采用美国疾病控制中心（CDC）给出的参考定义，即BMI值高于第95百分位的儿童为肥胖，BMI值在第85 - 95百分位之间的儿童“有超重风险”。
呈现了398名富裕学校学生的数据。在这398名学生中，24名（6%）高于第95百分位（肥胖），而77名（19.35%）在NCHS图表的第85 - 95百分位之间（有超重风险）。A组（6 - 9岁）儿童的每日热量摄入为2220±816千卡/天，B组为2133±942千卡/天，C组为1976±873千卡/天。除总体数据外，高于第95百分位和在第85至95百分位之间的儿童每日热量摄入分别为1861±849千卡/天和2056±895千卡/天。当询问约85%的学生日常安排时，由于补习、看电视或上网冲浪或玩像游戏机这样的室内游戏（不需要体力活动），他们主要过着久坐不动的生活方式。
即便我们的样本量较小，但肥胖和超重儿童在研究人群中的比例分别为6%和19%。本研究表明，这些儿童超重和肥胖可能归因于他们久坐不动的生活方式和/或缺乏合理饮食摄入（每日热量、碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质摄入不均衡）。
