Helft Paul R, Eckles Rachael E, Torbeck Laura
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
J Surg Educ. 2009 Jan-Feb;66(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2008.10.001.
Although ethics education in undergraduate medical school curricula has become essentially universal, and because ethics and professionalism have become integral parts of competency-based curricula for residents in nearly all specialties of medicine and surgery, it is not clear to what extent postgraduate surgical training routinely includes ethics education or skills training. Most general surgery residencies do not routinely integrate in-depth ethics skills training and assessment into their didactic curricula. In this article, we review the literature concerning ethics education in postgraduate surgical training programs. The few studies in the literature suggest that ethics education, when integrated in surgical residency curricula, can lead to measurable improvements in resident-centered outcomes, which include knowledge and confidence in handling ethical dilemmas. These curricula may lead to improvements in patient care. These findings suggest that ethics education for surgical residents is valuable but that questions regarding the optimal "dose" of ethics education and training as well as the optimal teaching methods would benefit from extended systematic evaluation and inquiry.
尽管本科医学院课程中的伦理教育已基本普及，并且由于伦理和职业素养已成为几乎所有医学和外科学专业住院医师基于能力的课程不可或缺的一部分，但尚不清楚研究生外科培训在何种程度上常规纳入伦理教育或技能培训。大多数普通外科住院医师培训项目并未将深入的伦理技能培训和评估常规纳入其教学课程。在本文中，我们回顾了有关研究生外科培训项目中伦理教育的文献。文献中的少数研究表明，伦理教育若融入外科住院医师培训课程，可在以住院医师为中心的结果方面带来可衡量的改善，其中包括处理伦理困境的知识和信心。这些课程可能会改善患者护理。这些发现表明，对外科住院医师进行伦理教育是有价值的，但关于伦理教育和培训的最佳“剂量”以及最佳教学方法的问题，将受益于进一步的系统评估和探究。
