Wilson W H, Van Etten J L, Allen M J
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 180 McKown Point, P.O. Box 475, West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575-0475, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2009;328:1-42. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68618-7_1.
The family Phycodnaviridae encompasses a diverse and rapidly expanding collection of large icosahedral, dsDNA viruses that infect algae. These lytic and lysogenic viruses have genomes ranging from 160 to 560 kb. The family consists of six genera based initially on host range and supported by sequence comparisons. The family is monophyletic with branches for each genus, but the phycodnaviruses have evolutionary roots that connect them with several other families of large DNA viruses, referred to as the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV). The phycodnaviruses have diverse genome structures, some with large regions of noncoding sequence and others with regions of ssDNA. The genomes of members in three genera in the Phycodnaviridae have been sequenced. The genome analyses have revealed more than 1000 unique genes, with only 14 homologous genes in common among the three genera of phycodnaviruses sequenced to date. Thus, their gene diversity far exceeds the number of so-called core genes. Not much is known about the replication of these viruses, but the consequences of these infections on phytoplankton have global affects, including influencing geochemical cycling and weather patterns.
藻DNA病毒科包含了多种不断迅速增加的大型二十面体双链DNA病毒，这些病毒感染藻类。这些裂解性和溶原性病毒的基因组大小在160至560 kb之间。该科最初根据宿主范围分为六个属，并通过序列比较得到支持。该科是单系的，每个属都有分支，但藻DNA病毒的进化根源将它们与其他几个大型DNA病毒科联系起来，这些病毒被称为核质大型DNA病毒（NCLDV）。藻DNA病毒具有多样的基因组结构，有些具有大片非编码序列区域，有些则具有单链DNA区域。藻DNA病毒科中三个属的成员基因组已被测序。基因组分析揭示了1000多个独特基因，在迄今为止测序的藻DNA病毒的三个属中，只有14个同源基因是共有的。因此，它们的基因多样性远远超过了所谓的核心基因数量。关于这些病毒的复制知之甚少，但这些感染对浮游植物的影响具有全球效应，包括影响地球化学循环和天气模式。
