Clausen Jay L, Korte Nic
Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Apr 1;407(8):2887-93. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.029. Epub 2009 Feb 13.
This manuscript describes the distribution, fate and transport of tungsten used in training rounds at three small arms ranges at Camp Edwards on the Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR), USA. Practice with tungsten/nylon rounds began in 2000 subsequent to a 1997 US Environmental Protection Agency ban on training with lead. Training with the tungsten rounds was halted in 2005 because of concerns regarding tungsten's environmental mobility and potential toxicity. This study, therefore, examines how tungsten partitions in the environment when fired on a small arms training range. Soil sampling revealed surface soil concentrations, highest at the berm face, up to 2080 mg/kg. Concentrations decreased rapidly with depth--at least by an order of magnitude by 25 cm. Nonetheless, tungsten concentrations remained above background to at least 150 cm. Pore-water samples from lysimeters installed in berm areas revealed a range of concentrations (<1-400 mg/L) elevated with respect to background although there was no discernable trend with depth. Groundwater monitoring well samples collected approximately 30 m below ground surface showed tungsten (0.001-0.56 mg/L) attributable to range use.
本手稿描述了美国马萨诸塞军事保留地（MMR）爱德华兹营地三个小型武器靶场训练弹中使用的钨的分布、归宿和迁移情况。1997年美国环境保护局禁止使用铅进行训练后，2000年开始使用钨/尼龙弹进行练习。由于担心钨在环境中的迁移性和潜在毒性，2005年停止了钨弹训练。因此，本研究考察了在小型武器训练靶场发射时钨在环境中的分配情况。土壤采样显示，表层土壤浓度在护堤表面最高，可达2080毫克/千克。浓度随深度迅速降低——到25厘米深度时至少降低了一个数量级。尽管如此，钨浓度在至少150厘米深度内仍高于背景值。安装在护堤区域的测渗仪采集的孔隙水样本显示，一系列浓度（<1-400毫克/升）相对于背景值有所升高，尽管随深度没有明显趋势。在地下约30米处采集的地下水监测井样本显示，因靶场使用导致钨含量为（0.001-0.56毫克/升）。
