Sandtorv Lisbeth, Reigstad Hallvard, Bruarøy Sidsel, Elgen Irene, Laegreid Liv Marie
Barneklinikken, Haukeland universitetssykehus, 5021 Bergen.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2009 Feb 12;129(4):287-90. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.33335.
Substitution treatment of opioid-dependent addicts was introduced in Norway in 1998. During the last 10 years, approximately 150 infants have been born to mothers taking part in this programme.
10 mothers, who took part in the substitution treatment programme, gave birth to 15 infants at Haukeland University Hospital in the period 1999-2005. The infants were observed and monitored at the Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital.
During pregnancy, six of the infants were only exposed to opiates, i.e methadone or buprenorphine. Eight infants were also exposed to heroine, benzodiazepines or cannabis. As a group, these infants had lower birth weight than the national average. 14 of the 15 children developed neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), 10 needed treatment and two children died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Long-term follow-up showed that six of 13 children had normal psychomotor development, five had various degrees of delayed psychomotor development and two children had symptoms indicating a hyperkinetic disorder. Five children were in foster care.
Infants of women included in substitution treatment programmes for drug addicts are at high risk compared to infants of women without such addiction. For the newborn, NAS was a frequent complication. The study also showed that symptoms of hyperkinetic disorder and delayed psychomotor development were common. Children who had been exposed to opiates in combination with additional drugs seemed to have a high risk of delayed development and behaviour disorders. As they get older many were placed in foster care, despite well-coordinated, multidisciplinary treatment for the mother.
挪威于1998年引入了对阿片类药物依赖成瘾者的替代治疗。在过去10年中，约有150名婴儿出生于参与该项目的母亲。
1999年至2005年期间，10名参与替代治疗项目的母亲在豪克兰大学医院产下15名婴儿。这些婴儿在豪克兰大学医院儿科接受观察和监测。
孕期，6名婴儿仅接触过阿片类药物，即美沙酮或丁丙诺啡。8名婴儿还接触过海洛因、苯二氮卓类药物或大麻。总体而言，这些婴儿的出生体重低于全国平均水平。15名儿童中有14名出现新生儿戒断综合征（NAS），10名需要治疗，2名儿童死于婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）。长期随访显示，13名儿童中有6名精神运动发育正常，5名有不同程度的精神运动发育迟缓，2名儿童有表明多动症的症状。5名儿童被寄养。
与未成瘾女性的婴儿相比，参与吸毒替代治疗项目的女性所生婴儿风险很高。对新生儿来说，NAS是常见并发症。该研究还表明，多动症症状和精神运动发育迟缓很常见。接触过阿片类药物并同时接触其他药物的儿童似乎有发育延迟和行为障碍的高风险。随着年龄增长，尽管为母亲提供了协调良好的多学科治疗，但许多儿童仍被寄养。
