Hamilton Joseph D, Nguyen Quang X, Gerber Robert M, Rubio Nancy B
Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, USA.
Am J Addict. 2009 Jan-Feb;18(1):48-52. doi: 10.1080/10550490802544318.
Preclinical and uncontrolled human studies have suggested the possible efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, in treating cocaine dependence. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 48 cocaine-dependent subjects received olanzapine or identical-appearing placebo for 16 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of cocaine-negative weekly urine screens during treatment. Secondary measures included scores on a Craving Questionnaire, Addiction Severity Index subscales, and extrapyramidal symptom scales. Olanzapine and placebo did not differ on any outcome measure. Both olanzapine and placebo subjects frequently reported side effects, but no unexpected ones. We conclude that olanzapine appears ineffective for cocaine dependence.
临床前和非对照人体研究表明，第二代抗精神病药物，尤其是奥氮平，在治疗可卡因依赖方面可能有效。我们进行了一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验，48名可卡因依赖受试者接受奥氮平或外观相同的安慰剂治疗16周。主要结局指标是治疗期间每周可卡因阴性尿液筛查的比例。次要指标包括渴望问卷得分、成瘾严重程度指数分量表得分和锥体外系症状量表得分。奥氮平和安慰剂在任何结局指标上均无差异。奥氮平和安慰剂组的受试者均频繁报告有副作用，但无意外副作用。我们得出结论，奥氮平对可卡因依赖似乎无效。
