Bébéar C, de Barbeyrac B
Laboratoire de Bactériologie EA 3671, Infections Humaines à Mycoplasmes et Chlamydiae, CNR des Infections à Chlamydiae, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Jan;15(1):4-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02647.x.
Chlamydia trachomatis infections affect young, sexually active persons. Risk factors include multiple partners and failure to use condoms. The incidence of infection has increased in the past 10 years. Untreated C. trachomatis infections are responsible for a large proportion of salpingitis, ectopic pregnancy, infertility and, to a lesser extent, epididymitis. Screening is a possible intervention to control the infection, which is often asymptomatic. The emergence of lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis in men who have sex with men, in Europe, and of a variant with a deletion in the cryptic plasmid, in Sweden, are new features of C. trachomatis infections in the last years. A diagnosis is best made by using nucleic acid amplification tests, because they perform well and do not require invasive procedures for specimen collection. Single-dose therapy has been a significant development for treatment of an uncomplicated infection of the patient and his or her sexual partner.
沙眼衣原体感染影响年轻的性活跃人群。危险因素包括多个性伴侣以及未使用避孕套。在过去10年中，感染发病率有所上升。未经治疗的沙眼衣原体感染是导致大部分输卵管炎、宫外孕、不孕症的原因，在较小程度上也是附睾炎的病因。筛查是控制这种通常无症状感染的一种可能干预措施。近年来，欧洲男男性行为者中出现了性病性淋巴肉芽肿直肠炎，瑞典出现了一种隐匿质粒有缺失的变体，这些都是沙眼衣原体感染的新特征。通过核酸扩增试验进行诊断最为理想，因为其效果良好且不需要进行侵入性操作来采集标本。单剂量疗法是治疗患者及其性伴侣单纯性感染的一项重大进展。
