Elliot Andrew J, Maier Markus A, Binser Martin J, Friedman Ron, Pekrun Reinhard
Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, Meliora Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 Mar;35(3):365-75. doi: 10.1177/0146167208328330.
This research tests whether the perception of red in an achievement context evokes avoidance behavior without conscious awareness and also examines the context specificity of the hypothesized red effect. In Experiment 1, participants were briefly shown red or green on the cover of an analogies test that they would ostensibly take (an achievement context) or rate on likability of (a nonachievement context) in an adjacent lab. Those shown red, relative to those shown green, knocked fewer times on the door of the adjacent lab in the achievement context; no red-green difference in knocking was observed in the nonachievement context. In Experiment 2, participants were briefly shown red, green, or gray on the cover of an IQ test that they would ostensibly take. Those shown red moved their body away from the test cover to a greater degree than did those shown green or gray. This research contributes to incipient work on color psychology and to the more established literature on the automatic link between evaluation and behavior.
本研究测试了在成就情境中对红色的感知是否会在无意识的情况下引发回避行为，同时也检验了假设的红色效应的情境特异性。在实验1中，参与者会在一个类比测试的封面上短暂看到红色或绿色，他们表面上会参加这个测试（成就情境），或者在相邻实验室对其进行喜好程度评分（非成就情境）。在成就情境中，看到红色的参与者相对于看到绿色的参与者，在相邻实验室的门上敲门的次数更少；在非成就情境中，未观察到敲门行为上的红绿色差异。在实验2中，参与者会在一个他们表面上会参加的智商测试的封面上短暂看到红色、绿色或灰色。看到红色的参与者比看到绿色或灰色的参与者将身体从测试封面上移开的程度更大。这项研究为色彩心理学的初步研究以及关于评价与行为之间自动联系的更成熟文献做出了贡献。
